PRESERVATION PROBLEMS OF THE GENOESE ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE AT BLACK SEA COASTS: TURKEY AND UKRAINE

Анотація

Mare Maggiore, «the Great Sea», - this is how the Italian merchants called the Black Sea. The Black Sea indeed had a huge significance for trading: Italian city-states and Golden Horde were fighting to take control over the trade roots in this region. In Charles King’s «The Black Sea: a History» a statement made by Marco Polo during his trip from Trabzon to Constantinople in late 1200s is mentioned: «We did not say anything about the Black Sea and the lands around it, though we got to know them very well. I will refrain from the story, because it seems odd to talk about things that others constantly face. The Venetians, Genoese, Pisans and many others often sail to these lands, - so everybody knows what one can see there». As the Black Sea was the crossroad of trade routes from eastern lands, ruled by Golden Horde, and the European civilizations, the dominance in this region in fact meant the control over world trade. So how did it happen that the Genoese managed to subjugate this region and became one of the most powerful states in that time?