ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ВОГНЕЗАХИСТУ БУДІВЕЛЬНИХ КОНСТРУКЦІЙ З ТЕКСТИЛЬНИХ ГОРЮЧИХ МАТЕРІАЛІВ

Abstract

The analysis of fire-retardant materials for fabrics is carried out and it is established that the paucity of data for explanation and description of the process of fire protection, neglect of elastic coatings, leads to ignition of fabric structures under the action of flame. The development of reliable methods for studying the conditions of fire protection of fabrics leads to the creation of
new types of fire protective materials. Therefore, there is a need to determine the conditions for the formation of a barrier to high temperatures and to establish a mechanism for inhibiting the combustion of the material. In this regard, field tests were conducted and found that when exposed to flame on untreated model samples of tent elements made of canvas fabric leads to ignition at 40…45 c and the spread of flame on the surface, which leads to its complete combustion for 105…120 s; instead, a model of tent elements made of canvas fabric treated with an inorganic agent with the addition of a polymeric binder did not ignite when ignited with a gasoline-based substance, and the flame did not spread. At the same time, the final combustion was recorded for 3 s, and the swelling of the protective coating, which reached 3… 5 mm, and the surface was charred in an area of about 80 % on the inside. Obviously, such a mechanism of influence of the fire-retardant coating is the factor regulating the process, which preserves the integrity of the object. Thus, there is reason to argue about the possibility of targeted regulation of the processes of fire protection of the fabric by applying coatings capable of forming a protective layer on the surface of the material, which inhibits the rate of heat penetration.