ПОЧАТКОВИЙ ЕТАП ХРУЩОВСЬКОЇ ЖИТЛОВОЇ РЕФОРМИ В УКРАЇНІ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ ЖИТЛОВОГО РАЙОНУ ЧЕРЕМУШКИ, М. ОДЕСА)

Abstract

To reveal to reveal the subject of Khrushchev architecture and urban planning reform in the Soviet Union by the analisys of the historical design material of Cheryomushki district (Odessa, Ukraine). To show a case study of: (1) the changes in the typology of the housing stock; (2) the transformation of the territory planning; (3) the changes of forming large housing estates (80 -120 thousand dwellers) with the complex social, retail and utility facilities, landscaping and engineering. The methods used in the article are: the method of the system analysis that helped to consider the process of development of the urban planning structure and the types of housing in conjunction with the nation-wide industrial, migration, housing and urban policy; the method of analogy used to describe the outstanding characteristics of whole process; the method of comparative analysis used to define typical features in architecture in the studied and predetermined period; the method of historical chronology that helped to ensure the ordering of the matter in its genesis; architectural-typological method used to review the period of the history of the modern architecture; the contextual method of historical review was useful to clear the periodicals and expert reviews of the ideological and political templates. The submitted material has been completed in the period from 9 to 23 September, 2017. in Odessa (Ukraine) in the workshop funded by Fund Volkswagen. The goal of the workshop was to invent methodological principles and innovations for renovation projectsof mass housing of the 1960s in the spesial condisions of specific laws and normative limits. The sense of changes in the organization of housing construction: the transformation of the civil housing construction system into a kind of "construction industry" - a single nationwide industrial and technological system of prefab housing production; transformation of urban planning and architectural activities, which provided the construction industry with project documentation.