TRANSMISSION OF ANCIENT GREEK TECHNIQUES OF BUILDING ORDERS IN THE ARCHITECTURE OF KHARKIV IN THE INTERWAR PERIOD

Abstract

The article presents the results of a study on the architecture of the interwar period in Kharkiv. The analysis focused on buildings of local historical significance, particularly those with facades based on the architectural order system. The selected objects included a residential complex with a store designed by architect O. Beketov and constructed between 1925 and 1936; the Metalist Stadium, designed in 1925 by architect Z. Permilovsky; the State Insurance Building, designed in 1927 by architects O. Molokin, H. Ikonnikov, and E. Lymar; and the ticket pavof the Metalist Stadium, designed in 1926 by Z. Permilovsky.
The authors of the article analyzed the structure and proportions of the architectural orders used in these buildings, conducting a comparative analysis with ancient Greek architectural analogues to identify common features in the structure of the orders. As analogues, structures with similar proportions and architectural order systems were selected, including the Temple of Concordia in Agrigento (440 BCE), the Temple of Zeus at Olympia (5th century BCE), Temple F at Selinunte (circa 5th century BCE), and the Temple of Apollo at Delphi (circa 6th century BCE).
The study employed comparative, structural, and compositional-proportional methods to analyze both the orders themselves and the elements of the selected buildings. Based on the analysis of the architectural orders of Kharkiv's buildings and the comparison with ancient Greek examples, it was established that during the interwar period, Kharkiv architects employed orders with proportions similar to those of ancient Greek temples from the Archaic period. Similarities were observed in the height of the orders, the columns, the ratios of the lower diameters of the columns, the heights of the entablatures, and the ratios of column height to entablature height. The analysis demonstrated a connection and transmission of techniques from ancient Greek craftsmen to the work of Kharkiv architects of the period.
This area of research may be further explored, as the use of the order by Kharkiv architects in subsequent periods, such as after World War II, took on a different character and proportional relationships due to the different architectural challenges of that time.