FEATURES OF FIRE PROTECTION TREATMENT OF LOAD-BEARING BUILDING STRUCTURES

Abstract

The article emphasizes that wood is a flammable material, flames spread quickly, which poses a threat to building structures. Therefore, it must be protected by effective means of fire protection. Regulatory and technical documentation is presented, which establishes requirements for the quality of fire protection of wooden structures. Using the example of state reserve enterprises, it is shown that there are many methods of fire-resistant treatment of wooden structures with flame retardants. Among them are the impregnation of wood with inorganic salts and the application of coatings on an organic basis. These include impregnation of wood with inorganic salts and application of coatings on an organic basis. It is shown that the specified methods of processing have disadvantages during application and operation, which include the moistening of wood under the influence of external natural factors, which leads to the dissolution and leaching of salts, increased smoke formation, and the formation of toxic combustion products. The constituent parts of the intumescent coating are proposed and their effectiveness in relation to fire protection of wood is determined. Depending on the content of PVA-dispersion, a change in the coefficient of swelling was determined, which is in the range from 14.3 to 25.1. Thus, it was determined that when mineral fillers are added to the composition of the organo-mineral composition in the amount of 10%, it helps to increase the coefficient of swelling from 30 to 36.7, which is 1.5...1.84 times greater than the value of the coefficient of swelling of the optimal composition of the organo-mineral composition without fillers. The article presents research on the creation of fire-resistant intumescent coatings capable of providing a wide range of fire-resistant and operational properties. After testing samples treated with an intumescent coating, under the action of a burner flame, a sample weight loss of no more than 6% was obtained, and the temperature of flue gases did not exceed 184ºС, which refers the treated wood to the group of non-combustible materials. Thus, the intumescent coating provides the first group of fire protection efficiency.