ДИТЯЧІ ІГРОВІ ПРОСТОРИ РАДЯНСЬКОГО ПЕРІОДУ: ОБРАЗНІ РІШЕННЯ ТА ПРОЕКТНІ НОРМИ

Abstract

The article is devoted to the consideration of the design basis of children's play spaces of the Soviet period. This issue is
relevant because the regulatory framework in this area remains almost at the same level today. There are general rules for the placement of street playgrounds, certain sanitary requirements laid down in the documents of the Soviet period. There is no more detailed consideration of the requirements for the arrangement of space for children, taking into account modern needs.
The norms are partially revised, supplemented, separate project recommendations and references to the use of European standards appear, but this issue requires an integrated approach. During the Soviet period, the design of children's playgrounds were classified as landscaping. Architects were engaged in design developments, certain decisions had individual, author's character. It should be noted the use of natural materials. Gradually, there is a transition to standard design, astandard set of game elements, the depersonalization of the most spaces for children. Game spaces lose connection with their location, with the urban context. In addition, metal and concrete are being used for making game elements. The remnants of such playgardens can still be found in the post-Soviet space. Special attention should be paid to the emergence of practica manuals for designing playgrounds translated from other languages. It tells usabout using of foreign experience, in which the main focus was on the safety of the child within the play space, taking into account age, and the etc. However, this experience was used mainly in large cities, in park areas of general recreation, on large places. Thus, it can be noted that the Soviet experience in designing children's play spaces is interesting from different positions. It allows you to use the positive property - certain ideas and images, a variety of functional content of the space. In addition, we can take into account the shortcomings that during the operation of these sites have become obvious - the results of the use of certain materials, the nature of their possible destruction, the demand for certain elements of the play space by different age groups, convenience and safety
of traditional equipment.