ЕВОЛЮЦІЯ МІСТОБУДІВНИХ РІШЕНЬ МАСОВОЇ ЗАБУДОВИ ВІД ІНДУСТРІАЛЬНОГО ПЕРІОДУ ЗАБУДОВИ 1960-1980 РР. ХХ СТОЛІТТЯ ДО ПОЧАТКУ ХХІ СТОЛІТТЯ (НА ПРИКЛАДІ МІСТА ХАРКОВА)

Abstract

Mass construction of large architectural and urban complexes, such as neighborhood, residential area, planning area, has shown all its pros and cons. This was due to the enormous volume of construction, the breadth of geographical distribution, the completeness of regulatory and methodological support of design, technical and technological equipment of construction. About three quarters of the urban population of our country live in high-rise apartment buildings. Given that cities account for about 70 percent of the total population of Ukraine, this type of housing really remains the main one for Ukrainians. The analysis of expediency of architectural and planning principles of development of the territory under mass building applied in previous times and use of the best achievements of their application in modern conditions is actual. The article analyzes the evolution of the urban structure of large housing units during the period of mass construction of 1960-1980 of the twentieth century on the examples of Kharkiv, as one of the largest cities in Ukraine, and identifies the main urban areas of modern mass housing. The general directions of development of town-planning decisions of housing construction are defined: use of various kinds of grouping of inhabited buildings for creation of high-density housing formations; stable advantage of point, quarter and perimeter construction; it is emphasized that at present models of building of city microdistricts with use of point houses-towers pose danger of receiving new uniformity of mass housing construction, but already at the second typological level, the stepped system of service put in them carries in itself the same lacks, as in 1960-1970, unprofitability of small service establishments. The search for optimal forms of residential complexes, which lies in the way of mixed housing in combination with a functional service system, maximum separation of pedestrian and traffic, individualization of the architecture of residential buildings and improving the level of landscaping.